Pair comparing method
نویسنده
چکیده
background, aims, methods, results) max 200 words: When studying how a response variable depends on an explanatory variable it is convenient to create pairs of matched observations, i.e. pairs consisting of two observations that are homogenous, except for the studied explanatory variables and the response variable. So, the matching procedure is a method with the purpose to control for different nuisance variables. Normally the analysis of such studies is straightforward, but it is possible to complicate it. Usually an expert that is not necessarily a statistician creates the matched pairs. In that case it is also customary that this expert finds one pair member suitable in several pairs, which means trouble for the analysing statistician. The expert understanding for the statistical problems is however limited in most cases. Therefore it has been necessary to develop a statistical method for analysing the results from a study with matched pairs, where it is allowed for an observation unit to be member of several pairs. An obvious consequence of that is that results from pairs with one common pair member will be dependent. It is therefore necessary to formulate an analysing method that is applicable when there are dependencies between different pairs. Another consequence from allowing the same object to occur in several pairs is that it may lead to a data set with redundancy. This would be the situation if objects a and b form one pair, a and c another and finally b and c a third pair. The third pair is just the difference between the two firsts. Then it is necessary to find a method that remove redundant pair like b and c as well. ISSN: Language: No. of pages: 0347-6030 English 22 Utgivare: Publikation: VTI rapport 495A Utgivningsår: 2004 Projektnummer: 80355 581 95 Linköping Projektnamn: Mätning av fordonshastighet och flöde vid olika väglag Författare: Uppdragsgivare: Mats Wiklund Vägverket Titel: Parjämförelsemetoden Referat (bakgrund, syfte, metod, resultat) max 200 ord: Vid analys av hur en oberoende variabel beror av förklarande variabler är det ibland lämpligt att bilda par av matchade observationer, dvs. par som består av två par som är homogena, utom avseende den beroende variabeln och de förklarande variablerna. Det innebär att matchningsproceduren är en metod med syftet att kontrollera för olika störvariabler. Normalt kan sådana analyser genomföras standardmässigt, men det är möjligt att komplicera analysen. Vanligtvis matchas paren av en expert, som inte är statistiker. Det är då vanligt att denne expert finner att samma observation passar som medlem i flera par, vilket skapar problem för den som genomför den statistiska analysen. Experten har oftast begränsad förståelse för de statistiska analysproblemen. Därför har det visat sig nödvändigt att utveckla en statistisk metod för att analysera resultat från en studie med matchade par, där det är tillåtet att en observation är medlem i flera matchade par. En uppenbar konsekvens är att observationerna från två par med en gemensam medlem blir statistiskt beroende. Det är därför nödvändigt att formulera en analysmetod som är tillämpbar när observationer för olika par är beroende. En annan konsekvens som följer av att tillåta att samma observationsenhet ingår i flera par är att det kan leda till redundans i datamängden. Det gäller om observationsenheterna a och b bildar ett par, a och c ett annat och slutligen b och c bildar ett tredje. Det tredje paret är då differensen av de två första. Då är det nödvändigt att finna en metod som utesluter redundanta par som b och c. ISSN: Språk: Antal sidor: 0347-6030 Engelska 22 Foreward In the project “Vehicle Speed and Flow in Different Roadway Conditions” drivers’ behaviour under prevailing roadway conditions were studied. The design for gathering field data was chosen such that pairs of comparable observations were established. In order to analyze the results of the study it was necessary to develop a suitable statistical method. Mats Wiklund was asked to develop such a method. This report contains the documentation of that statistical method. Linköping, August 2004
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تاریخ انتشار 2004